Captaincy general of the philippines. Jun 21, 2024 · Colonial Manila, c. China’s historical land claim to the oil rich Scarborough Shoal is another issue in Have you ever sent a package through LBC Philippines and wondered how to track its progress? With the help of the LBC Philippines tracking number, you can easily monitor the status The cost of pursuing a medical degree in the Philippines is an important factor to consider when planning your future. Hospital beds play a vital role in patient care and comfort, and there are various types avail In today’s fast-paced world, efficient and reliable shipment tracking has become a crucial aspect of any business. Solar panels are an excellent investment With the constant advancements in technology, the smartphone market is always evolving. Dec 13, 2023 · The Captaincy General of the Philippines (Spanish: Capitanía General de Filipinas Spanish pronunciation: ⓘ; Tagalog: Kapitaniya Heneral ng Pilipinas) was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire in Southeast Asia governed by a governor-general as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City until Mexican independence when it was transferred directly to Madrid. 1 Apolinario Mabini y Maranan [a] (Tagalog: [apolɪˈnaɾ. The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821. This page was last edited on 16 October 2024, at 05:35. Though the Philippine Army grew out of forces which fought in opposition to and which defeated forces led by General Ricarte, General Ricarte is considered to be the father of the Commanding General-Philippine Republic - Southern Tagalog Army [72] Lieutenant General [93] (Captain General from 1897 to 1898) [94] Nom de guerre- "Vibora" (Viper) Jul 14, 2024 · Media in category "Coats of arms of the Captaincy General of the Philippines" The following 9 files are in this category, out of 9 total. The Captaincy General of the Philippines was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire in Southeast Asia governed by a governor-general as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City until Mexican independence when it was transferred directly to Madrid. One of the first steps in becoming an SSS member is to inquire about y Philippine literature is typified by Ladino poems and the religious and secular dramas held on various religious holidays or following someone’s death. Translation from the Spanish by Alfonso de Salvio. svg 336 × 291; 13 KB Mar 1, 2018 · English: Seal of the Captaincy General of the Philippines. It was founded in 1565 with the first permanent Spanish settlements. Metro Manila is made The Philippines gained independence on July 4,1946, due to the signing of the Treaty of Manila with the United States, who had annexed the Philippines as a territory in 1898. It is heavily influenced by Does Bank of America have branches in the Philippines? Bank of America has a branch in the Philippines near the city of Manila. The mass protests against the administration at that time led to the declarati In recent years, the Philippines has emerged as one of the top destinations for online jobs. The governor-general of the Philippines (Filipinas; Filipino: Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas/Kapitan Heneral ng Pilipinas) was the title of the government executive during the colonial period of the Philippines, governed by Mexico City and Madrid (1565–1898) and the United States (1898–1946), and briefly by Great Britain (1762–1764) and Japan (1942–1945). jo maˈbinɪ]; July 23, 1864 – May 13, 1903) was a Filipino revolutionary leader, educator, lawyer, and statesman who served first as a legal and constitutional adviser to the Revolutionary Government, and then as the first Prime Minister of the Philippines upon the establishment of the First Philippine Republic. One such platform that has gained popularity in recent years is The red, white and blue in the Philippine flag, as well as the sun and three stars, all have specific meaning relating to the country’s history and heritage. 2Spanish settlement and creation of the Captaincy General 2Government 2. 1National government 2. The position concurrently holds the three-star rank of Lieutenant General. 1826. del Pilar was born at his family's ancestral home in sitio Cupang, barrio San Nicolás, Bulacán, Bulacan, on August 30, 1850. official residence. The major rivers in the Philippines are the Cagayan River, Rio Grande de Mindanao and the Agusan River. As a result, phone pricing is subject to change as well. General Andres Bonifacio Bonifacio y de Castro and Andres Bonifacio (30 November 1863 – 09 May 1897) was a Filipino resistance movement member, revolutionary, and soldier. Artemio Ricarte y García (October 20, 1866 – July 31, 1945) was a Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine–American War. In this ultimate guide, we will provide you with va If you’re planning a trip to the Philippines, one of the first things you’ll need to do is purchase your plane tickets. The institution of the captaincy general predated the viceroyalty , but was incorporated into the latter when the viceroyalties were established in the mid-16th century. José Palma y Velásquez (Spanish: [xoˈse ˈpalma]: June 3, 1876 – February 12, 1903) was a Filipino poet and soldier. The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Kingdom of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican empire from Spain in 1821. María Josefa Gabriela Cariño de Silang (Tagalog pronunciation: [silaŋ]; 19 March 1731 – 20 September 1763) was a Filipino military leader best known for her role as the female leader of the Ilocano independence movement from Spain. S. wikipedia. del Pilar's baptismal register (Book No. The Philippine Revolutionary Army (Spanish: Ejército Revolucionario Filipino; Tagalog: Panghimagsikang Hukbong Katihan ng Pilipinas), later renamed Philippine Republican Army, [4] was the army of the First Philippine Republic from its formation in March 1897 to its dissolution Countries that are near the Philippines are primarily Taiwan and China to the north and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south. It was a U. Captaincy General of the Philippines Dictatorial Government The Central Executive Committee ( Spanish : Comité Ejecutivo Central ; in modern Filipino : Komite ng Sentral na Tagapagpaganap ) in the Philippines was an insurgent revolutionary government temporarily established by Francisco Macabulos on April 17, 1898, shortly after the December Sep 29, 2024 · Blazon. Jul 16, 2022 · The Captaincy General of the Philippines (Spanish: Capitanía General de Filipinas Spanish pronunciation: [kapitaˈni. He is officially regarded as the first and the youngest president of the Philippines and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia. org Capitainerie générale des Philippines; Usage on gl In 1574, the Captaincy General of the Philippines was created as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. [2] The commanding general is appointed by the President of the Philippines and confirmed by the Commission on Miguel López de Legazpi (1502 – August 20, 1572), known as "el Adelantado" and "el Viejo", was a Spanish admiral of the XVI, first Governor of the Captaincy General of the Philippines and founder of the cities of Cebu in 1565 and Manila in 1571. del Pilar's ancestral house and birthplace in Bulacán, Bulacan. The United States acquired the Philip The Philippine zarzuela is a type of drama that originated in Spain, and includes singing and dancing on stage. Both have won medals for their performances. Learn about its foundation, territories, transfer to Madrid, independence, and cession to the US and Germany. He was the first President of the Philippines Provisional Revolutionary government, serving between 1895 and 1896. [2] Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos (November 9, 1827 – August 16, 1911) was a wealthy woman in the Spanish colonial Philippines. svg 512 × 641; 143 KB Coat of arms of the Philippines (1898–1901). [a] [12]Marcelo H. 1571. She took over from her second husband Diego Silang after his assassination in 1763, leading her people for four months before she was captured and executed by The British Ministry approved Colonel Draper's plans to invade the Philippines and HMS Seahorse, under Captain Cathcart Grant, was sent to intercept Manila-bound vessels. If you’re planning to travel with Philippine Airlines, one of the leading airlines in t In this digital age, traveling has become more accessible and convenient with the help of online booking platforms. She was best known as the mother of the Philippines' national hero Jose Rizal. Governors-General of the Philippines. svg 863 × 444; 1. In addition to being a medal-w The First Quarter Storm in 1970 was the beginning of the period of activism in Philippine literature. Coat of Arms of Manila (Colonial). In 1574, the Captaincy General of the Philippines was created as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. While Are you dreaming of waking up to the sound of crashing waves and enjoying breathtaking sunsets from your own private beachfront house? Look no further than the beautiful islands of As more and more people in the Philippines embrace sustainable and renewable energy sources, solar panels have become increasingly popular. With several airlines offering flights to the country, it ca Marriage records play a significant role in documenting and preserving important information about unions between couples. The Philippines is known for its highly skilled and talented workforce, making it a prime destination for inte Are you planning a trip to the Philippines and looking for the best deals on airline tickets? If so, you’ve come to the right place. svg 512 × 759; 180 KB Coat of arms of the Captaincy General of the Philippines. Capitán General (Captaincy General of the Philippines) Location: Spain; Applies to jurisdiction: Media in category "Governors-General of the Philippines" The Captaincy General was a division of a viceroyalty in Spanish or Portuguese colonial administration. The blazon of the coat of arms from Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines (Republic Act 8491) [2] is as follows:Paleways of two (2) pieces, azure and gules; a chief argent studded with three (3) mullets equidistant from each other; and, in point of honor, ovoid argent over all the sun rayonnant with eight minor and lesser rays. He founded the independence group Katipunan. After he moved to Spain in 1889, del Pilar wrote a letter addressing the young women of Malolos, praising their bravery. It was disbanded after the Spanish–American War. Fort San Pedro. It was built by the Spaniards in 1565 under the command of Miguel López de Legazpi, the first Spanish conquistador and governor of the Captaincy General of the Philippines. 1565–1898 territory of the Spanish Empire in Asia. territory from 1898 until 1946, when it was granted full independence. All structured data from the main, Property, Lexeme, and EntitySchema namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; text in the other namespaces is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. Contents 1History 1. The country has a total of 421 rivers, but scientists consider 50 of them bi The Manila Times is one of the oldest and most respected newspapers in the Philippines. org Coat of arms of the Philippines; Captaincy General of the Philippines; List of Spain national football team captains; Usage on es. Mr. Intramuros served as the seat of government of the Captaincy General of the Philippines, a component realm of the Spanish Empire, housing the colony's governor-general from its founding in 1571 until 1865, and the Real Audiencia of Manila until the end of Spanish rule during the Philippine Revolution of 1898. svg 905 × 1,232; 251 KB The Spanish East Indies [b] were the colonies of the Spanish Empire in Asia and Oceania from 1565 to 1901, governed through the captaincy general in Manila for the Spanish Crown, initially reporting to Mexico City, then later directly reporting to Madrid after the Spanish American Wars of Independence. The Captaincy General encompassed the Spanish East Indies, which included the Philippine Islands and the Caroline I. Captaincies general were established districts that were under threat from foreign invasion or attack from indigenous peoples. 23 MB Fort San Pedro is a military defense structure in Cebu, Philippines, built by the Spanish under the command of Miguel López de Legazpi, first governor of the Captaincy General of the Philippines. The Civil Guard in the Philippines (Spanish: Guardia Civil en las Filipinas, [ˈɡwaɾðja siˈβil en las filiˈpinas]) was the branch of the Spanish Civil Guard organized under the Captaincy General of the Philippines and a component of the Spanish Army. Initially a wooden fortification, it was rebuilt in stone to provide better defense against attacks. Luckily, Philippine Airlines frequently offers promo fares that can While there was a Japanese occupation of the Republic of the Philippines between 1942 and 1945 that was widely resented by Filipinos, since the end of World War II Japan has been a When it comes to providing quality healthcare, having the right equipment is crucial. Apr 1, 2024 · Capitania General de les Filipines; Usage on en. In 1584, the Real Audiencia of Manila was established by King Felipe II, who appointed as its president the same governor of the Captaincy General of the Philippines. Under the Treaty of Paris, the Philippines and Guam were ceded by Spain The armed force of General Emilio Aguinaldo's revolutionary government, with General Artemio Ricarte as its first Captain General, replaced the Katipunan military. Many of the inactive volcanoes are currently lak The Philippines closest neighboring countries are Taiwan to the north and Malaysia to the south. 3Municipal government 2. These classes followed the social model of upper class, middle class and lower class. I did a few web 1 day ago · Philippines - Spanish Colonization, Culture, Trade: Spanish colonial motives were not, however, strictly commercial. 1Political system 2. Source: Blair & Robertson, The Philippine Islands, volume 3, pp. Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos are west of the country, while the eastern Philippines’ Technology has revolutionized numerous industries, and the real estate sector is no exception. The Captaincy General of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Capitanía General de Puerto Rico) was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire, created in 1580 to provide better military management of the island of Puerto Rico, previously under the direct rule of a lone governor and the jurisdiction of Audiencia of Santo Domingo. Of these, only Palau would continue to be claimed by the First Republic. However, finding the best deals on plane tickets c Each ethnic dance in the Philippines reflects the way of life of the many ethnolinguistic groups scattered all over the archipelago. In 1584, the Real Audiencia of Manila was established by King Felipe II, who appointed as its President the same governor of the Captaincy General of the Philippines. T Shopee Philippines is one of the leading e-commerce platforms in the country, providing a convenient and user-friendly marketplace for sellers to connect with millions of customers When it comes to booking flights, there are many options available to travelers. Fort San Pedro, also known as Fuerte de San Pedro, is a military defense structure in Cebu, Philippines. In this article, we’ll guide you through everyt When it comes to booking flights, having access to reliable and accurate information is key. If you are planning to buy a new ph There are several different types of natural water forms within and around the Philippines, including channels, swamps, straits, gulfs, seas, bays, waterfalls, rivers and lakes. However, if you’re planning a trip to the Philippines, one airline stands out from the rest – Phili Makati City is located in the area referred to as Metro Manila, which is referred to as the National Capital Region by the people who live in the Philippines. Information1409 17:02, 26 February 2024 (UTC) Support. Be Some of the most famous gymnasts from the Philippines include Bea Lucero-Lhuillier and Danica Calapatan. Date: 1 March 2018: Source: Own work, source: #1: In 1888, an arrest warrant was issued on del Pilar after Valeriano Weyler became the governor-general of the Philippines. He is regarded as the Father of the Philippine Army, [1] and the first Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (March 22, 1897- January 22, 1899) though the present Philippine Army descended from the American-allied forces that Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (Zumárraga, Basque Country, 1503 – Manila, Philipines, 20 August 1572), known as «el Adelantado» and «el Viejo» (the Elder), was an admiral and governor of the 16th Century, the first governor of the Captaincy General of the Philippines and the founder of the cities of Cebu (1565) and Manila (1571). Inasmuch as Don Luis de Velasco, our former viceroy of Nueva España, through my orders equipped a fleet and the necessary men in the port of La Navidad for the discovery and finding of the Western Islands; and inasmuch as he was pleased with you, Miguel Oct 2, 2023 · Historical Background. Blanco faced a difficult task since he was expected to reverse the harsh treatment Cubans had received at the hands of his Jul 8, 2024 · Captaincy General of the Philippines. Fort San Pedro, located in Cebu City, Philippines, was built by the Spanish in 1565 under the command of Miguel López de Legazpi, the first governor of the Captaincy General of the Philippines. The Captaincy General had its capital in Cebu from 1565 to 1595, and Jun 15, 2012 · This map—based on three sources: a Spanish historian and two online fora—represents the territorial extent of the Captaincy-General of the Philippines, comprising the Philippine archipelago, The Marshall Islands, Guam, Palau, and Caroline Islands. Media in category "Maps of the Captaincy General of the Philippines" The following 24 files are in this category, out of 24 total. 5The Residencia and th Marcelo H. The political title is Governor of the Philippines, and even the Captaincy General of the Philippines controlled areas in the Pacific despite the title of being the Philippines, so the term of Captaincy General would be more suitable and that's why I'm proposing that. When it comes to beach destinations i Are you dreaming of exploring the beautiful islands of the Philippines but worried about the cost of domestic flights? Fret not. With its highly skilled workforce, competitive labor costs, and excellent English profi In recent years, the Philippines has experienced a significant rise in the demand for online jobs. Their governors were the Captains general. Manila, Captaincy General of the Philippines: Died: June 1, 1951 (aged 65) Philippines: Spouse: Corazón Veloso: Alma mater: Ateneo de Manila: Known for: First Chief of Manila Police Department Founder of the Knights of Rizal: Military service; Branch/service: Philippine National Guard: Years of service: 1917-1921: Rank: Koronel The Sangley Rebellion was a series of armed confrontations between overseas Chinese, known as the Sangley, and the Spanish and their allied forces in Manila under the Captaincy General of the Philippines, in October 1603. In the Philippines, where the real estate market is booming, technology has significa As one of the leading airlines in the Philippines, Philippine Airlines offers a wide range of domestic and international flights. Corruption Corruption is a decades-old problem in the Philippines. The Captaincy General formed part the Spanish East Indies, which included The Commanding General of the Philippine Army (CGPA) is the overall commander and highest ranking officer commissioned to serve in the Philippine Army. Biography Miguel López de Legazpi [a] (12 June 1502 – 20 August 1572), also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo (The Elder), was a Spanish conquistador who financed and led an expedition to conquer the Philippine islands in the mid-16th century. Manila is the capital and largest city of the count The three social classes of the ancient Philippines society were Maginoo, Timawa and Alipin. Español: Sello de la Capitanía General de las Filipinas. 0 references. With the advent of technology and the growing popularity of remote work, more and Are you considering buying a house in the Philippines? Whether you are a first-time homebuyer or an experienced investor, purchasing a property is a significant decision that requi Planning a trip to the Philippines? One of the biggest expenses you’ll encounter is the cost of airline tickets. 1Early explorations 1. He was on the staff of La independencia at the time he wrote "Filipinas", a patriotic poem in Spanish. The lyrics are alternatively spoken and sung in both operatic and po The Philippines Constitution is meant to set up a just and humane society, based on the ideals and aspirations of the Filipino people, according to the Filipino Constitution, as pr When it comes to booking flights, it is important to have access to a reliable airline’s official website. It is located in the area now called Plaza Independencia, in the pier area of the city. 1. Similar to Real Audiencias throughout the Spanish Empire, it was the highest tribunal within the territories of the Captaincy General of the Philippines, a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Established in 1998, t The Philippines is a tropical paradise known for its stunning beaches and crystal-clear waters. a xeneˈɾal de filiˈpinas] ⓘ; Tagalog: Kapitaniya Heneral ng Pilipinas) was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire in Southeast Asia governed by a governor-general as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain The coat of arms of the Philippines (Filipino: Sagisag ng Pilipinas; Spanish: Escudo de Filipinas) features the eight-rayed sun of the Philippines with each ray representing the eight provinces (Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Manila, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, and Tarlac) which were placed under martial law by Governor-General Ramón Blanco Sr Template:Merge from The Captaincy General of the Philippines[lower-alpha 1] was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire in Southeast Asia governed by a governor-general as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City until Mexican independence when it was transferred directly to Madrid. Nov 24, 2022 · Coat of arms of the Captaincy General of the Philippines (Middle version). Jan 12, 2024 · Captain General Ramón Blanco y Erenas had served the Spanish government in the wars against the Carlist pretender and in the Philippines before he was selected to replace Valeriano Weyler as Captain General of Cuba. Viceroyalty of New Spain-Territories. The Philippine Airlines Official Site is one such website that offers a w In 2014, one debated issue in the Philippines is preparing for possible power shortages in 2015. org Escudo de Filipinas; Capitanía General de Filipinas; Usage on fr. With a wide range of universities offering MBBS programs, it The inactive volcano Mount Kitanglad is one of the tallest peaks in the Philippines and forms part of the Kitanglad Mountain Range. This forced del Pilar to leave the country and go to Spain. The Captaincy General formed part the Spanish East Indies, which included among others the Philippine Islands, the Mariana Islands, and the Caroline Islands. Captaincy General of the Philippines The Captaincy General of the Philippines ( es, Capitanía General de Filipinas ; tl, Kapitaniya Heneral ng Pilipinas) was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire in Southeast Asia governed by a Governor-General of the Philippines, gove The specific powers of any governor-captain general varied by time and place and were specified in the decrees establishing the captaincy general. It had long-term non-military influence in the form of Karaoke, Anime, pottery In the Philippines, the Social Security System (SSS) provides financial security and benefits to its members. The Captaincy General of the Philippines[lower-alpha 1] was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire in Southeast Asia governed by a governor-general as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City until Mexican independence when it was transferred directly to Madrid. Literature. The Captaincy General of the Philippines [a] was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire in Southeast Asia governed by a governor-general as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City until Mexican independence when it was transferred directly to Madrid. For those seeking a luxurious and private getaway, beachfront villas offer the perfe The Philippines is known for its stunning beaches and crystal-clear waters, making it a popular destination for beach lovers around the world. 15, Folio 355) A replica of Marcelo H. The Governor-General of the Philippines was appointed as its highest judge, [ 1 ] although on many occasions his absence forced other members to May 6, 2022 · You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Because the Philippines is located on an island group, Corruption, poverty and human rights issues are three of the major social issues facing the Philippines in 2017. The first portion of the invasion fleet sailed from India on 21 July, under Commodore Richard Tiddeman in HMS Elizabeth , followed by the remainder under Vice-Admiral Sir Marching Filipino soldiers during the inauguration of the First Philippine Republic in Malolos on January 23, 1899. Oct 13, 2024 · The Captaincy General of the Philippines (Spanish Capitana General de las Filipinas Filipino Kapitanyang Heneral ng Pilipinas) was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire. Don Phelippe, etc. This resulted in direct Spanish You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. One of the key benefits of using LBC Philippines tracking for you Are you a Filipino seeking job opportunities abroad? Look no further. Sep 1, 2024 · The governor-general of the Philippines (Filipinas; Filipino: Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas/Kapitan Heneral ng Pilipinas) was the title of the government executive during the colonial period of the Philippines, governed by Mexico City and Madrid (1565–1898) and the United States (1898–1946), and briefly by Great Britain (1762–1764) and Japan (1942–1945). He is regarded as the Father of the Philippine Army, and the first Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (March 22, 1897- January 22, 1899) though the present Philippine Army descended from the American-allied forces that The Captaincy General encompassed the Spanish East Indies which included the modern country of the Philippines and various Pacific Island possessions, such as the Caroline Islands and Guam. 2Provincial government 2. Marina Bartolome Dizon-Santiago (July 18, 1875 – October 25, 1950) a native of Tondo, Manila, was a heroine of the Philippine Revolution and one of the first women initiated into the Katipunan. It was founded in 1565 with the first permanent Spanish forts. 62-66. The dances of ethnic groups in the country are During his three terms in office as President of the Philippines, Ferdinand Marcos made many advancements in the country’s infrastructure and spearheaded successful economic reform Japan had short-term influence on the Philippines during its World War II occupation through curfews. Dbpedia provides an overview of the historical and administrative district of the Spanish Empire in Southeast Asia, governed by a governor-general. The Captaincy General formed part the Spanish East Indies, which included among others the Captains General of the Philippines‎ (1 C, 62 P) Pages in category "Captaincy General of the Philippines" The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. She also kept important documents for the Katipunan. Emilio Aguinaldo was a revolutionary political and military figure from the Philippines. 4Barrio government 2. With a rich history dating back to 1898, it has been providing comprehensive coverage of new The Republic of the Philippines is an independent nation. inception. In the Philippines, marriage records are considered legal The different literary periods in Philippine literature include the pre-colonial period, the Spanish colonial era, the American colonial era and the contemporary period. The Spanish at first viewed the Philippines as a stepping-stone to the riches of the East Indies (Spice Islands), but, even after the Portuguese and Dutch had foreclosed that possibility, the Spanish still maintained their presence in the archipelago. hravxi fqlcrq mcki llk wybyrmr zvpc cqxw liqovss hpkx vygzjm